plant human interaction cheat sheet

<table style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:14px;">
  <tr style="background:#e8f5e9;">
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Gua Type</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Growth Habit</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Stem / Hair</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Side Shoots</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Female Flowers</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Pinching Rule</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Fruits / Plant</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Fruit Position</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Common Mistakes</th>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Winter Melon</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Very strong main vine, long internodes</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Thick, hairy</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Appear naturally (node ~8–12)</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Mostly on side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">After fruit set or space filled</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">1 (2 max if very strong)</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Lower vine, supported</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Pinch too early, too many fruits</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Cucumber</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Fast, flexible vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Light hair</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Early and many</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Main + side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Early control helps yield</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Many (managed)</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Along vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Leaving too many shoots</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Bitter Gourd</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Aggressive climber</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Moderate hair</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Very active</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Mostly side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Selective early pinching</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">4–8</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Hanging freely</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Not pruning at all</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Sponge / Luffa</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Long, strong vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Hairy</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Moderate</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">After side shoots appear</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">2–4</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Mid to lower vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Letting vine overcrowd</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Long Bean</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Light climber</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Smooth</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Minimal</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Leaf axils</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Usually not needed</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Many</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Along vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Overfeeding nitrogen</td>
  </tr>
</table>
on

ttt

<table style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:14px;">
  <tr style="background:#e8f5e9;">
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Gua Type</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Growth Habit</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Stem / Hair</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Side Shoots</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Female Flowers</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Pinching Rule</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Fruits / Plant</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Fruit Position</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Common Mistakes</th>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Winter Melon</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Very strong main vine, long internodes</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Thick, hairy</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Appear naturally (node ~8–12)</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Mostly on side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">After fruit set or space filled</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">1 (2 max if very strong)</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Lower vine, supported</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Pinch too early, too many fruits</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Cucumber</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Fast, flexible vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Light hair</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Early and many</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Main + side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Early control helps yield</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Many (managed)</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Along vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Leaving too many shoots</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Bitter Gourd</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Aggressive climber</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Moderate hair</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Very active</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Mostly side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Selective early pinching</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">4–8</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Hanging freely</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Not pruning at all</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Sponge / Luffa</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Long, strong vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Hairy</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Moderate</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">After side shoots appear</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">2–4</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Mid to lower vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Letting vine overcrowd</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Long Bean</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Light climber</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Smooth</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Minimal</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Leaf axils</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Usually not needed</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Many</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Along vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Overfeeding nitrogen</td>
  </tr>
</table>
on

guas behaviour, beans, pumpins

<table style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:14px;">
  <tr style="background:#e8f5e9;">
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Gua Type</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Growth Habit</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Stem / Hair</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Side Shoots</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Female Flowers</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Pinching Rule</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Fruits / Plant</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Fruit Position</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Common Mistakes</th>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Winter Melon</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Very strong main vine, long internodes</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Thick, hairy</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Appear naturally (node ~8–12)</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Mostly on side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">After fruit set or space filled</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">1 (2 max if very strong)</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Lower vine, supported</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Pinch too early, too many fruits</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Cucumber</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Fast, flexible vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Light hair</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Early and many</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Main + side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Early control helps yield</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Many (managed)</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Along vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Leaving too many shoots</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Bitter Gourd</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Aggressive climber</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Moderate hair</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Very active</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Mostly side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Selective early pinching</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">4–8</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Hanging freely</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Not pruning at all</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Sponge / Luffa</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Long, strong vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Hairy</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Moderate</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">After side shoots appear</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">2–4</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Mid to lower vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Letting vine overcrowd</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Long Bean</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Light climber</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Smooth</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Minimal</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Leaf axils</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Usually not needed</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Many</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Along vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Overfeeding nitrogen</td>
  </tr>
</table>
on

guas' behaviour

<table style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:14px;">
  <tr style="background:#e8f5e9;">
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Gua Type</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Growth Habit</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Stem / Hair</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Side Shoots</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Female Flowers</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Pinching Rule</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Fruits / Plant</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Fruit Position</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Common Mistakes</th>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Winter Melon</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Very strong main vine, long internodes</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Thick, hairy</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Appear naturally (node ~8–12)</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Mostly on side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">After fruit set or space filled</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">1 (2 max if very strong)</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Lower vine, supported</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Pinch too early, too many fruits</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Cucumber</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Fast, flexible vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Light hair</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Early and many</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Main + side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Early control helps yield</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Many (managed)</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Along vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Leaving too many shoots</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Bitter Gourd</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Aggressive climber</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Moderate hair</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Very active</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Mostly side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Selective early pinching</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">4–8</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Hanging freely</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Not pruning at all</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Sponge / Luffa</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Long, strong vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Hairy</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Moderate</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">After side shoots appear</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">2–4</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Mid to lower vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Letting vine overcrowd</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Long Bean</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Light climber</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Smooth</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Minimal</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Leaf axils</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Usually not needed</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Many</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Along vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Overfeeding nitrogen</td>
  </tr>
</table>
on

Natural Fertilizers, Pollinations and Pesticide 堆肥, 传粉, 处理虫害

Kitchen at home and My Garden. CUISINE PLANTS, Fruits, Veggies, Spices and Herbs Gardening: Chilli, Coriander, Ginger, Lady Finger, Lettuce, Pandan, Pasley, Spinach, Spring Onion. Pitcher Plants, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, Cactus, Ferns, Carnivorous, Orchids,



<table style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:14px;">
  <tr style="background:#e8f5e9;">
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Gua Type</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Growth Habit</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Stem / Hair</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Side Shoots</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Female Flowers</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Pinching Rule</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Fruits / Plant</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Fruit Position</th>
    <th style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Common Mistakes</th>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Winter Melon</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Very strong main vine, long internodes</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Thick, hairy</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Appear naturally (node ~8–12)</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Mostly on side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">After fruit set or space filled</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">1 (2 max if very strong)</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Lower vine, supported</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Pinch too early, too many fruits</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Cucumber</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Fast, flexible vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Light hair</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Early and many</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Main + side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Early control helps yield</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Many (managed)</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Along vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Leaving too many shoots</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Bitter Gourd</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Aggressive climber</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Moderate hair</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Very active</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Mostly side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Selective early pinching</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">4–8</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Hanging freely</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Not pruning at all</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Sponge / Luffa</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Long, strong vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Hairy</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Moderate</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Side shoots</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">After side shoots appear</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">2–4</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Mid to lower vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Letting vine overcrowd</td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;"><b>Long Bean</b></td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Light climber</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Smooth</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Minimal</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Leaf axils</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Usually not needed</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Many</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Along vine</td>
    <td style="border:1px solid #999; padding:6px;">Overfeeding nitrogen</td>
  </tr>
</table>






 

🌱 Natural Fertilisers – Quick Reference Guide
Fertiliser Main Nutrients
(High / Medium / Low)		 Main Benefits Best For
Eggshell Calcium (Ca) – High Prevents blossom-end rot; strengthens cells Tomatoes, chillies, melons, gourds
Banana Peel Potassium (K) – Very High
Phosphorus (P) – Medium
Calcium (Ca) – Low		 Boosts flowering and fruiting Beans, cucumbers, gourds, chillies
Epsom Salt Magnesium (Mg) – High
Sulfur (S) – High		 Deep green leaves; improves fruiting Chillies, tomatoes, grapes, cucurbits
Carrot Peels Potassium (K) – High
Phosphorus (P) – Medium
Calcium – Low		 Root growth; flowering Root crops, gourds
Potato Peels Potassium (K) – High
Nitrogen (N) – Low
Magnesium – Low		 Stronger plants, better fruiting Leafy greens, beans, cucumbers
Coffee Grounds Nitrogen (N) – Medium–High
Potassium – Low
Phosphorus – Low		 Leafy growth; soil improvement Leafy veg, herbs, beans
Tea Leaves Nitrogen (N) – Medium
Potassium – Low		 Greener leaves Herbs, leafy greens
Rice Water Mild NPK – Low Safe for seedlings; improves microbes Seedlings, small pots
Wood Ash Potassium (K) – High
Calcium (Ca) – Very High		 Strong stems; flowering and fruiting Melons, gourds, beans


🌿 Nutrients Required for Each Plant Growth Stage
Stage Best Nutrients Natural Sources
Seed Germination Phosphorus (P) – High
Gentle Nitrogen – Low		 Rice water, carrot peel water, mild veg-scrap water
Root Development Phosphorus (P) – High
Calcium (Ca) – Medium
Magnesium (Mg) – Low		 Carrot peels, potato peels, eggshell calcium, Epsom salt
Leaf Growth Nitrogen (N) – High Coffee grounds, tea leaves
Flowering Potassium (K) – High
Magnesium (Mg) – Medium		 Banana peel water, potato peel water, wood ash, Epsom salt
Fruit Development Potassium (K) – Very High
Calcium (Ca) – Medium		 Banana peel, wood ash, eggshell calcium



✅ #3. Bees / insects drinking nectar from the OUTSIDE of the flower (偷蜜 / 偷花蜜)

Some insects (especially ants, carpenter bees, sunbirds, opportunistic insects) don’t enter the flower properly.
Instead, they:

  • bite a small hole at the base of the flower

  • suck the nectar directly

  • avoid the pollen

This is called nectar robbing (偷蜜 / 偷花蜜).

✨ Result:
These insects take the nectar but do NOT help pollinate the flower, because they do not touch the pollen organs.
So the plant gets “cheated”.

✅ #4. Insects drinking nectar without pollinating even when entering the flower

Some insects enter the flower but:

  • are too small

  • or their body shape doesn’t touch the pollen area

  • or they drink nectar quickly and leave

  • or they enter the wrong angle

These are called nectar thieves (花蜜小偷).

✨ Result:
They drink nectar,
but do not pick up or deposit pollen,
so the flower still fails to pollinate.

🌼 Difference between #3 and #4 (easy explanation)

BehaviorNameDescriptionPollination?
#3 Bite hole outside the flowerNectar robberDrink nectar without entering❌ No
#4 Enter flower but avoid touching pollenNectar thiefDrink nectar but too small or wrong position❌ No

Both cases = plant loses energy but receives no pollination benefits.




Root Booster Main Nutrients / Function Dosage / Mix Effectiveness Notes / Tips
Water Hydration, supports nutrient uptake Normal watering (avoid overwatering) High Use clean water; bottom watering preferred for seedlings
Baking Powder / Baking Soda pH adjuster, may reduce fungal issues 1 tsp in 1 liter water (light solution) Medium Not a fertilizer; mainly for soil pH balance
Sugar Water Quick energy for rooting cuttings 1 tsp sugar in 1 cup water Medium Short-term boost only; do not overuse
Insect Pesticide Protects roots and seedlings from pests Follow label instructions High Use only when needed; safe for young roots
Rooting Hormone Auxins stimulate root growth Dip cuttings before planting High Powder or liquid forms available
on

Japanese cucumber


20251211 Thursday 1600 Sunny afternoon 


20251210 Wednesday 1030 sunny morning

Put in the seeds of Japanese cucumbers for germination "dong bang" on to the shallow pot



20251202 Monday 1030 raining morning

Put in the seeds of Japanese cucumbers 








step-by-step guide to sprout Japanese cucumber seeds successfully, whether from mature fruit or purchased seeds:

Step 1: Choose Mature Seeds

  • From fruit: pick a cucumber fully ripe (often yellowing at the tip, overgrown).

  • If using purchased seeds, ensure they are fresh and viable.

Step 2: Extract Seeds

  1. Cut the cucumber lengthwise.

  2. Scoop out seeds with the surrounding pulp.

Step 3: Ferment the Seeds

  • Place seeds + pulp in a small jar with a little water.

  • Cover loosely (air needed) and let sit 2–3 days at room temperature.

  • Stir once a day; a thin mold layer may appear—this is normal.

  • Seeds are ready when gel has separated and seeds feel slightly firm.

Step 4: Clean and Dry

  1. Pour seeds into a sieve and rinse under running water.

  2. Remove any floating or shriveled seeds—they won’t germinate.

  3. Spread seeds on paper towel or plate and let air dry 1–2 days.

Step 5: Prepare Soil

  • Use loose, well-draining soil (potting mix is fine).

  • Fill small pots or seed trays.

  • Moist but not soggy.

Step 6: Sow the Seeds

  • Plant seeds 0.5–1 cm deep.

  • Cover lightly with soil.

  • Keep soil warm (24–30°C / 75–86°F).

  • Water gently.

Step 7: Germination

  • Should appear in 7–10 days.

  • Keep soil consistently moist.

  • Provide bright, indirect sunlight or use grow light.

Step 8: Transplanting

  • When seedlings have 2–3 true leaves, transplant into bigger pots or garden beds.

  • Harden off seedlings before planting outdoors.

💡 Extra Tips:

  • Avoid using fresh, immature seeds—they rarely sprout.

  • You can pre-soak seeds in warm water 6–12 hours before planting to speed germination.

  • Japanese cucumbers prefer fertile soil and warm weather, so germination and growth improve under these conditions.








a step-by-step guide to sprout Japanese cucumber seeds successfully, whether from mature fruit or purchased seeds:

Step 1: Choose Mature Seeds

  • From fruit: pick a cucumber fully ripe (often yellowing at the tip, overgrown).

  • If using purchased seeds, ensure they are fresh and viable.

Step 2: Extract Seeds

  1. Cut the cucumber lengthwise.

  2. Scoop out seeds with the surrounding pulp.

Step 3: Ferment the Seeds

  • Place seeds + pulp in a small jar with a little water.

  • Cover loosely (air needed) and let sit 2–3 days at room temperature.

  • Stir once a day; a thin mold layer may appear—this is normal.

  • Seeds are ready when gel has separated and seeds feel slightly firm.

Step 4: Clean and Dry

  1. Pour seeds into a sieve and rinse under running water.

  2. Remove any floating or shriveled seeds—they won’t germinate.

  3. Spread seeds on paper towel or plate and let air dry 1–2 days.

Step 5: Prepare Soil

  • Use loose, well-draining soil (potting mix is fine).

  • Fill small pots or seed trays.

  • Moist but not soggy.

Step 6: Sow the Seeds

  • Plant seeds 0.5–1 cm deep.

  • Cover lightly with soil.

  • Keep soil warm (24–30°C / 75–86°F).

  • Water gently.

Step 7: Germination

  • Should appear in 7–10 days.

  • Keep soil consistently moist.

  • Provide bright, indirect sunlight or use grow light.

Step 8: Transplanting

  • When seedlings have 2–3 true leaves, transplant into bigger pots or garden beds.

  • Harden off seedlings before planting outdoors.

💡 Extra Tips:

  • Avoid using fresh, immature seeds—they rarely sprout.

  • You can pre-soak seeds in warm water 6–12 hours before planting to speed germination.

  • Japanese cucumbers prefer fertile soil and warm weather, so germination and growth improve under these conditions.

If you want, I can also make a quick “cheat chart” showing how to tell if cucumber seeds are mature enough to plant—super handy for your rooftop garden.

Do you want me to make that chart?

You said:
y
ChatGPT said:

Great! Here’s a quick cheat chart to check if cucumber seeds are mature enough for planting, especially for Japanese cucumbers:

Seed Source / Fruit StageSeed MaturityGermination LikelihoodNotes / Tips
Small green cucumber (edible size)ImmatureVery lowSeeds inside are soft and underdeveloped; won’t sprout reliably.
Fully grown cucumber, still green but largePartially matureLow to moderateSome seeds may sprout, but germination is inconsistent.
Overripe cucumber (slightly yellowing, fully grown)MatureHighBest for harvesting your own seeds; seeds firm, full size, ready for fermentation.
Purchased, sealed cucumber seedsMatureVery highAlready processed for germination; plant directly after pre-soak if desired.
Seeds from fermented pulp of overripe cucumberMatureHighFermentation removes gel coating; improves germination rate.

💡 Quick Checks for Seed Maturity Before Planting

  1. Size & Firmness: Mature seeds are plump and firm; immature seeds are small and soft.

  2. Color: Japanese cucumber seeds are usually cream to light brown when mature.

  3. Float Test (optional): After fermentation, discard seeds that float—they are empty or bad.

I

on

Bitter Gourds, Bitter Melon, Momordica Charantia，苦瓜

Bitter Melon, Bitter Gourds, Momordica Charantia，苦瓜

Cuisine Plants,  Fruits, Veggies, Aroma Spices and Herbs Gardening:  Bitter Gourds, 苦瓜，

Momordica Charantia

Momordica charantia is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean for its edible fruit. Its many varieties differ substantially in the shape and bitterness of the fruit.

Pinch tip at 70 cm to 1 meter height. 

Minimum plant base per Stalk: 

    30 × 30 × 20 cm (  Volume = 0.3×0.3×0.2 = 0.018 meters3  =  18 Litre )

    soil volume (liters) 15–20 L


            40% soil
        + 40% compost
        + 20% sand  
    
    Shallow wide tub;

    can grow with ginger at soil;
    leafy greens on top or edge;
    fast harvest.
    
    Need 4–6 h sun lights. 


20251215 Monday 1000 heavy rain since yesterday 

Pinched top at 70 cm to 1 meter

Set up arch trellis 3 m x 3 m x 2.4 m height. 


20251211 Thursday 1600 Sunny afternoon 
Ku gua





20251205 Friday Sunny morning 





20251115 Saturday cooling morning 
Transplanted long beans stalks

About six inches height, havin

  
20251109 Transplanted bitter gourds 
It is better to wait till their tendrils come out then Transplant. 


20251109 9 am  Sunday hot morning 

Cut out the coriander root from the bunch bought from Sheng Song.  
Buried them with an egg and a over ripe banana.  Cover up with black pot. 

20251109 10 am Sunday hot morning 

transplanted bitter gourds today

Selected the fattest tallest strongest. 

Prepare to use hydro tub for the balance seedlings. 

this black container with holes sitting inside a white tub is a basic Deep Water Culture (DWC)–style hydroponic setup, or what’s sometimes called a “passive hydro box”. 

It’s simple, effective, and well suited for testing bitter gourd and leafy vegetables.



20241028 Monday 1124 Sunny

It grows.  But no clue what "gua". Got to wait and see. 



20211209 Thursday 1000 hot morning 

Day 





20211019 Tuesday 1000 Hot Morning.  
Added in seeds for .小苦瓜
Day 1 seedlings 


20211004 Monday 1600 Sunny Afternoon.

Added in seeds of small bitter gourds.

20200913


20200923




First Harvest

20200804


20200224

Bitter Gourds Seedlings




20210809 Monday 

Happy 56th National Day

Bitter Gourds Seedlings



20200615 Bitter Gourds Seedlings


__________


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Labels: , , , , , , , , , ,

Germination Seed Tips

Kitchen at home and My Garden. CUISINE PLANTS, Fruits, Veggies, Spices and Herbs Gardening: Chili, Coriander, Ginger, Lady Finger, Lettuce, Pandan, Pasley, Spinach, Spring Onion. Pitcher Plants, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, Cactus, Ferns, Carnivorous, Orchids,

Okay — here is the Fastest & Most Reliable Sponge Germination Method for hydroponics.
This will fix the problem where seeds sit in the sponge but nothing happens.

🌱 1. Prepare the sponge correctly

Most people insert the seeds too deep or keep the sponge too wet.

✔ How to prepare:

  1. Soak the sponge fully in water.
  2. Squeeze it once to remove excess water — sponge should be damp, not dripping.
  3. Make sure the hole at the top of the sponge is 3–4 mm deep only.

🌱 2. Pre-soak the seeds (very important)

This is the secret that makes them sprout fast.

For most seeds (lettuce, basil, tomato, spinach, herbs, okra, cucumber, bean, all leafy greens):

  • Put seeds in a small cup
  • Add warm water (not hot)
  • Soak 4–6 hours
  • Drain and use

Do NOT soak small seeds longer than 6 hours — they rot.

For hard seeds (brinjal, bitter gourd):

  • Soak 8–12 hours
  • Or gently nick the seed coat with nail to help water enter

🌱 3. Correct seed placement

This alone increases success by 80%.

How many seeds per sponge?

  • Leafy greens: 2–3 seeds inside one hole
  • Tomato, brinjal, okra: 1–2 seeds
  • Cucumbers/beans: 1 seed only

How deep?

  • Place seeds right at the top of the hole
  • Cover lightly with a tiny piece of sponge (optional)
  • Do NOT push deep → deep = no air → no sprout

🌱 4. Keep sponge in the “Germination Zone”

Seeds need special conditions for 2–6 days:

Correct environment:

✔ Warm: 24–28°C
✔ Humid: sponge surface slightly moist
✔ Still air
✔ No sunlight (use shade or dark area)

WRONG conditions (seeds won’t sprout):

❌ Too cold
❌ Sponge too wet
❌ Sponge too dry
❌ Direct sun
❌ Strong wind

🌱 5. Watering schedule

This part many people do wrong.

For germination:

  • Do not flood the sponge
  • Just keep slightly moist
  • Add a few drops of water at the bottom tray every 2 days

If sponge is sitting in water → seed rots.

🌱 6. Timeline (what you should see)

Here is when you know if things are working:

Day 1–2:

Seed coat absorbs water (no visible change yet)

Day 3–4:

White root tip emerges
(If no change → sponge too wet or too cold)

Day 4–7:

Seed pushes up the cotyledon (baby leaves)

Day 7–10:

Seedling ready for the net cup
(roots come out of sponge bottom)

🌱 If your seeds are not sprouting now

It is usually because:

❌ Sponge kept too wet → #1 reason

Roots need oxygen.
If sponge sits in water → seed suffocates.

❌ Seed pushed too deep

Seeds need oxygen + light signal at top layer.

❌ Temperature too low

Below 22°C → germination becomes slow or fails.

❌ Old seeds / low viability

Some seeds expire or fail after long storage.

🌱 Let’s troubleshoot yours


Plant / Seed Germination / Tips Spacing / Depth / Soil Notes Min Pot Size (Seed Start) Min Pot Size (Grow / Harvest) Soil Type / Fertility Notes
🍈 Fruits & Big Vines
Winter Melon 7–10 days; soak 24h 3–5 cm deep; fertile soil 7–10 cm 40–50 cm deep × 50–70 cm wide Fertile Soil – nutrient-rich, well-draining, with compost/organic matter
Pumpkin 7–10 days; soak 12–24h 2–3 cm deep; rich soil 7–10 cm 40–50 cm deep × 50–60 cm wide Fertile Soil – nutrient-rich, well-draining, with compost/organic matter
Papaya 2–3 weeks; remove coating 1–2 cm deep; loose soil 10 cm 50–60 cm deep × 40–50 cm wide Fertile Soil – nutrient-rich, well-draining, with compost/organic matter
Watermelon 5–10 days; warm soil 1–2 cm deep; fertile 7–10 cm 30–40 cm deep × 50–60 cm wide Sandy Soil + compost – drains fast, low nutrient, amend with compost
Bitter Gourd 7–14 days; soak 24h 1–2 cm deep; well-draining 7–10 cm 30–40 cm deep × 40–50 cm wide Fertile Soil – nutrient-rich, well-draining, with compost/organic matter
Cucumber 5–7 days; warm soil 1–2 cm deep; fertile soil 7–10 cm 25–30 cm deep × 30–40 cm wide Fertile Soil – nutrient-rich, well-draining, with compost/organic matter
🫘 Beans / Legumes
Long Beans 5–7 days; soak 12h 2–3 cm deep; climbing support 7–10 cm 25–30 cm deep × 30–40 cm wide Fertile Soil – nutrient-rich, well-draining, with compost/organic matter
🍅 Nightshades (Tomato, Chili, Eggplant)
Tomato 5–10 days; warm 0.5–1 cm deep; fertile 5–7 cm 25–30 cm deep × 25–30 cm wide Fertile Soil – nutrient-rich, well-draining, with compost/organic matter
Chili 7–14 days; moist & warm 0.5–1 cm deep; light soil 5–7 cm 20–25 cm deep × 20–25 cm wide Fertile Soil – nutrient-rich, well-draining, with compost/organic matter
Eggplant 7–14 days; warm 0.5–1 cm deep; fertile 5–7 cm 25–30 cm deep × 25–30 cm wide Fertile Soil – nutrient-rich, well-draining, with compost/organic matter
🥬 Leafy Greens (Lettuce, Spinach, Kang Kong)
Lettuce 7–14 days; shallow sow 0.5–1 cm deep; light soil 5 cm 15–20 cm deep × 15–20 cm wide Light Soil – moderate nutrients, drains well
Spinach 7–14 days; light soil 0.5–1 cm deep; fertile soil 5 cm 15–20 cm deep × 15–20 cm wide Light Soil – moderate nutrients, drains well
Kang Kong 5–7 days; warm 1–2 cm deep; moist soil 5–7 cm 20–25 cm deep × 20–25 cm wide Light Soil – moderate nutrients, drains well
🌿 Herbs
Basil 7–14 days; light soil 0.3–0.5 cm deep; well-draining 5 cm 15–20 cm deep × 15–20 cm wide Light Soil – moderate nutrients, drains well





Plant / Seed Germination / Tips Spacing / Depth / Soil Notes Min Pot Size (Seed Start) Min Pot Size (Grow / Harvest)
🍈 Fruits & Big Vines (Winter Melon, Pumpkin, Papaya, Watermelon, Bitter Gourd, Cucumber)
Winter Melon 7–10 days; soak 24h 3–5 cm deep;
fertile soil		 7–10 cm 40–50 cm deep × 50–70 cm wide
Pumpkin 7–10 days; soak 12–24h 2–3 cm deep;
rich soil		 7–10 cm 40–50 cm deep × 50–60 cm wide
Papaya 2–3 weeks; remove coating 1–2 cm deep;
loose soil		 10 cm 50–60 cm deep × 40–50 cm wide
Watermelon 5–10 days; warm soil 1–2 cm deep; fertile 7–10 cm 30–40 cm deep × 50–60 cm wide
Bitter Gourd 7–14 days; soak 24h 1–2 cm deep; well-draining 7–10 cm 30–40 cm deep × 40–50 cm wide
Cucumber 5–7 days; warm soil 1–2 cm deep; fertile soil 7–10 cm 25–30 cm deep × 30–40 cm wide
🫘 Beans / Legumes
Long Beans 5–7 days; soak 12h 2–3 cm deep; climbing support 7–10 cm 25–30 cm deep × 30–40 cm wide
🍅 Nightshades (Tomato, Chili, Eggplant)
Tomato 5–10 days; warm 0.5–1 cm deep; fertile 5–7 cm 25–30 cm deep × 25–30 cm wide
Chili 7–14 days; moist & warm 0.5–1 cm deep; light soil 5–7 cm 20–25 cm deep × 20–25 cm wide
Eggplant 7–14 days; warm 0.5–1 cm deep; fertile 5–7 cm 25–30 cm deep × 25–30 cm wide
🥬 Leafy Greens (Lettuce, Spinach, Kang Kong)
Lettuce 7–14 days; shallow sow 0.5–1 cm deep; light soil 5 cm 15–20 cm deep × 15–20 cm wide
Spinach 7–14 days; light soil 0.5–1 cm deep; fertile soil 5 cm 15–20 cm deep × 15–20 cm wide
Kang Kong 5–7 days; warm 1–2 cm deep; moist soil 5–7 cm 20–25 cm deep × 20–25 cm wide
🌿 Herbs
Basil 7–14 days; light soil 0.3–0.5 cm deep; well-draining 5 cm 15–20 cm deep × 15–20 cm wide


Soil Type Use / Plants Notes / Fertility
Fertile Soil / Vegetable Mix Melons, Pumpkin, Papaya, Tomatoes, Cucumbers, Bitter Gourd Nutrient-rich, well-draining, contains compost/organic matter. Ideal for fruiting crops.
Light Soil / Leafy Mix Lettuce, Spinach, Kang Kong, Basil Light texture, drains well, moderate nutrients. Can mix potting soil + compost.
Sandy Soil Watermelon, Root Crops Drains very fast, low nutrient. Must add compost / organic matter to improve fertility.
Clay / Garden Soil General planting (not ideal for pots) Dense, poor drainage. Needs compost + perlite to aerate. Not ideal alone for fruiting plants.
Potting Mix / Bagged Soil Seed starting, small pots, herbs Usually fertile, light, drains well. Perfect for seedlings or container gardening.




SIMILIAR FOR MELON SEEDS

a step-by-step guide to sprout Japanese cucumber seeds successfully, whether from mature fruit or purchased seeds:

Step 1: Choose Mature Seeds

  • From fruit: pick a cucumber fully ripe (often yellowing at the tip, overgrown).

  • If using purchased seeds, ensure they are fresh and viable.

Step 2: Extract Seeds

  1. Cut the cucumber lengthwise.

  2. Scoop out seeds with the surrounding pulp.

Step 3: Ferment the Seeds

  • Place seeds + pulp in a small jar with a little water.

  • Cover loosely (air needed) and let sit 2–3 days at room temperature.

  • Stir once a day; a thin mold layer may appear—this is normal.

  • Seeds are ready when gel has separated and seeds feel slightly firm.

Step 4: Clean and Dry

  1. Pour seeds into a sieve and rinse under running water.

  2. Remove any floating or shriveled seeds—they won’t germinate.

  3. Spread seeds on paper towel or plate and let air dry 1–2 days.

Step 5: Prepare Soil

  • Use loose, well-draining soil (potting mix is fine).

  • Fill small pots or seed trays.

  • Moist but not soggy.

Step 6: Sow the Seeds

  • Plant seeds 0.5–1 cm deep.

  • Cover lightly with soil.

  • Keep soil warm (24–30°C / 75–86°F).

  • Water gently.

Step 7: Germination

  • Should appear in 7–10 days.

  • Keep soil consistently moist.

  • Provide bright, indirect sunlight or use grow light.

Step 8: Transplanting

  • When seedlings have 2–3 true leaves, transplant into bigger pots or garden beds.

  • Harden off seedlings before planting outdoors.

💡 Extra Tips:

  • Avoid using fresh, immature seeds—they rarely sprout.

  • You can pre-soak seeds in warm water 6–12 hours before planting to speed germination.

  • Japanese cucumbers prefer fertile soil and warm weather, so germination and growth improve under these conditions.











on

when do you use LECA

20251127 Monday 1500 raining afternoon 

While waiting for Tan Chong servicing my Nissan Serena

Here is the simple, clear rule for using LECA in your cloth grow bags:

🌱 When to Use LECA at the Bottom

Use LECA only for plants that:

  • Need very sharp drainage
  • Hate “wet feet”
  • Have woody roots or sensitive taproot
  • Are grown in cloth bags on balconies (risk of water pooling)

These usually include:

✅ Grapes

✓ Very sensitive to root rot
✓ Need fast drainage → 5 cm LECA is correct

❌ Potatoes (no need LECA)

  • Potatoes love moisture
  • Too much drainage = small tubers
  • Soil settling helps tuber growth
    → LECA unnecessary and reduces yield

🍈 Your other vegetables

1. Pumpkin

✓ Big feeder
✓ Loves moisture
✓ Deep roots
→ No LECA needed

2. Winter Melon (冬瓜)

✓ Similar to pumpkin
✓ Loves moist but not soggy
→ No LECA needed
Just ensure pot is at least 40–60 cm deep.

3. Bitter Gourd (苦瓜)

✓ Fast-growing vine
✓ Likes moist soil
✓ Too much drainage = frequent watering
→ No LECA needed

4. Long Beans / String Beans / French Beans

✓ Beans prefer moist, airy soil
✓ Cloth bags already provide good drainage
→ No LECA needed

🧪 Summary Table (Very Clear)

Crop Need LECA? Why
Grapes YES (5 cm) Prevent root rot, woody perennial
Potatoes No Moisture-loving tubers
Pumpkin No Likes moisture, big feeder
Winter Melon No Needs stable moisture
Bitter Gourd No Moist-lover
Long Beans / French Beans No Cloth bag already drains well
Cucumber No But optional 2–3 cm if your water sits

⭐ Only 3 cases you might add LECA for vegetables

Use 2–3 cm LECA only if:

  1. Your balcony floor blocks the bag bottom from dripping freely
  2. Your tray under the bag keeps water
  3. Your bag is very tall (50–60 cm) and holds too much water at the bottom

Otherwise, save your money — soil + compost is enough.


Yes — only grapes need LECA (because grapes are woody perennials and very sensitive to root rot).
For almost all your other vegetables, LECA is optional or usually unnecessary.


🌊 Using the Deep Water Cycle (DWC) hydroponic box

In hydroponics, the LECA role is different.
But for your case:

If you are putting soil in the hydroponic box → then NO LECA needed.

(Soil + water reservoir = not recommended, but if used → still no LECA)


Hydroponic towers

If using it as true hydroponics with net pots → LECA is used only in net pots.

Here is the clear, simple rule for hydroponic tower net cups:

🌿 Hydroponic Tower → Net Cup → LECA + Sponge?

✔ YES, you still use sponge (or rockwool) for germination.

✔ THEN transfer the seedling + sponge into the net cup filled with LECA.

LECA does not replace the sponge for germination.

🌱 Why you still need the sponge

Because:

  • Seeds need high moisture + stability to sprout
  • LECA has big gaps, seeds fall through
  • LECA dries faster → poor germination
  • Sponge holds the seed firmly until roots grow long enough

So your current method (germinating inside sponge cubes) is correct.

🌿 How to use sponge + LECA in a hydroponic tower

  1. Germinate seeds in sponge
    → keep moist, humid, warm

  2. When seedling has
    2 true leaves + roots coming out, then…

  3. Place the entire sponge block into the net cup

  4. Fill the rest of the cup with LECA around the sponge
    → LECA supports the plant
    → Holds the sponge upright
    → Allows water flow and oxygen

  5. Put the net cup into the hydroponic tower

🧪 Simplest Setup

Stage Medium Correct?
Germination Sponge (or rockwool) ✔ YES
Seedling in net cup Sponge + LECA ✔ YES
Root growth in tower Roots hang down in water ✔ YES
Using only LECA No (bad germination) ❌

🌿 When can you skip sponge?

Only for big, easy seeds like:

  • Long bean
  • Cucumber
  • Pumpkin
    But even then, germination is more reliable in sponge.

For leafy greens, herbs, tomatoes, brinjal → always sponge first.


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Potatoes 土豆 马铃薯

Kitchen at home and My Garden. CUISINE PLANTS, Fruits, Veggies, Spices and Herbs Gardening: Chili, Coriander, Ginger, Lady Finger, Lettuce, Pandan, Pasley, Spinach, Spring Onion. Pitcher Plants, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, Cactus, Ferns, Carnivorous, Orchids,

20251124 1600 Monday Hot Afternoon

That's our usual problem.  Asian do not really eat potatoes daily. 
We bought a sack, always cook a few and the rest get sprouted in the fridge.

🛑 1. Sprouted potatoes are unsafe to EAT

When a potato sprouts, it produces solanine, a natural toxin.

Eating sprouted or green potatoes can cause:

  • nausea

  • stomach pain

  • vomiting

  • diarrhea

So don’t eat them.  


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kiwifruit 猕猴桃

Kitchen at home and My Garden. CUISINE PLANTS, Fruits, Veggies, Spices and Herbs Gardening: Chilli, Coriander, Ginger, Lady Finger, Lettuce, Pandan, Pasley, Spinach, Spring Onion. Pitcher Plants, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, Cactus, Ferns, Carnivorous, Orchids,


Kiwifruit, or Chinese gooseberry, is the edible berry of several species of woody vines in the genus Actinidia. 
 🥝✨

A kiwi plant (botanically Actinidia deliciosa or A. chinensis) is actually a woody vine, not a tree — very similar to a grapevine! But it can live a long, productive life when cared for properly.

Here’s the full breakdown:

🌿 Kiwi Plant Lifespan

StageAgeDescription
Seedling0–2 yearsEstablishes roots and main vine; needs support and regular watering.
Juvenile (non-fruiting)3–4 yearsGrows strong vines and leaves, but usually no fruits yet.
Fruiting maturity5–7 yearsStarts producing fruit; stable yields for many years ahead.
Peak productivity8–20 yearsGives abundant fruit each season (if both male & female vines are present).
Old age25–40+ yearsGrowth slows, fruit yield decreases, but vines can still live many decades.

✅ Typical lifespan: 30 to 50 years, with good care.
Some old kiwi vines in New Zealand and Italy are over 70 years old and still alive!

🌞 Care Needs

  • Sunlight: Full sun, minimum 6 hours daily.

  • Support: Strong trellis (they can grow 6–9 meters long).

  • Soil: Moist but well-drained.

  • Pruning: Once or twice a year — to manage its vigorous vines.

  • Pollination:

    • You need 1 male plant for every 5–6 female plants (for fruiting).

    • Some varieties (like Jenny) are self-fertile, good for small home gardens.

🍃 Bonus Tip

Kiwi vines develop thick, woody trunks just like grapevines.
A mature kiwi trunk can be as thick as your forearm, twisting beautifully along its trellis — it looks like living art.


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